Stalagmite length: about 11 centimeters, grown over thousands of years.
Scientists measured oxygen isotopes to tell how much rain fell.
Early Holocene (about 11,800‑7,700 years ago) had very strong monsoon rains.
Later period (7,700‑5,600 years ago) showed a gradual weakening of the monsoon.
Findings link Indian rain to global climate systems such as solar cycles and ocean currents.
The stalagmite kept a record of rain for about 6,000 years.
Analysis showed the Indian summer monsoon was strongest early on and then got weaker.
Changes matched big climate events far away, like those in the Atlantic Ocean.
Sun activity and ocean patterns also helped shape the monsoon.
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