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Key Points

3 points
1

Gene transfer between species can spread antibiotic resistance.

2

Jumping genes are also involved in the development of certain cancers.

3

Circular ribonucleic acid is being explored for future vaccines.

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Summary

These jumping genes are linked to the spread of antibiotic resistance and can influence the development of cancers.

The knowledge is being used to design next‑generation vaccine platforms based on circular ribonucleic acid molecules.

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New Words to Learn

4 words
antibiotic resistance
when germs change so that medicines called antibiotics no longer kill them
cancer
a disease where cells grow too fast and can harm the body
circular ribonucleic acid
a loop‑shaped molecule that carries genetic information, similar to a tiny instruction ring
vaccine platform
a basic system used to make different kinds of vaccines
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